Space communication is one of the fundamental key in order to have a data exchange between the Earth and the satellite systems or also the space probes. For this reason there are several large antennas, like the beam waveguide, that are part of antenna systems like the Deep Space Network (DSN) from NASA and the Deep Space Antennas (DSA) from the European Space Agency (ESA). Those antennas work in a certain range of frequency based on which kind of communication must be done; therefore, since are very expensive due to the performances that must be satisfied, then is not advantageous to exploit only one band of frequency for support the type of interested communication. Consequently, in order to reuse those antennas for further mission or satellites which uses other frequencies, it has been studied a particular mirror that allows to be as transparent as possible at the desired frequencies and almost totally reflective at other bands. This structure, composed by perforated metal cells with different forms (rectangular, square, hexagonal and so on), is called Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) or commonly said as Dichroic mirror. However, since the material which should provide the best performance from the electromagnetic point of view should be used, those mirrors could be extremely complex and expensive if made with classic milling techniques. Therefore, in this project has been studied an alternative method to the milling, which is the three-dimensional metal print, that provides acceptable performances and reduced costs, maintaining the same materials.
La comunicazione spaziale rappresenta uno degli elementi fondamentali per consentire lo scambio di dati tra la Terra, i sistemi satellitari e le sonde spaziali. Per questo motivo esistono diverse antenne di grandi dimensioni, come le beam waveguide, che fanno parte di sistemi di antenne quali il Deep Space Network (DSN) della NASA e le Deep Space Antennas (DSA) dell'Agenzia Spaziale Europea (ESA). Queste antenne operano in specifici intervalli di frequenza a seconda del tipo di comunicazione da effettuare; tuttavia, poiché sono estremamente costose a causa delle elevate prestazioni richieste, non risulta conveniente utilizzarle per una sola banda di frequenza dedicata a un singolo tipo di comunicazione. Di conseguenza, per poter riutilizzare tali antenne in missioni future o con satelliti che operano a frequenze diverse, è stato studiato uno specchio particolare in grado di risultare trasparente alle frequenze desiderate e altamente riflettente alle altre bande. Questa struttura, composta da celle metalliche forate di varie forme (rettangolari, quadrate, esagonali, ecc.), prende il nome di Superficie Selettiva in Frequenza (Frequency Selective Surface, FSS) o più comunemente specchio dicroico. Tuttavia, poiché per ottenere le migliori prestazioni dal punto di vista elettromagnetico è necessario utilizzare materiali di alta qualità, la realizzazione di questi specchi con tecniche tradizionali di fresatura può risultare estremamente complessa e costosa. Per tale motivo, in questo progetto è stato studiato un metodo alternativo alla fresatura, ovvero la stampa 3D metallica, che permette di ottenere prestazioni accettabili con costi ridotti, mantenendo invariato il materiale utilizzato.
Prototyping dichroic mirrors at K band by additive manufacturing
CECCATO, MARCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Space communication is one of the fundamental key in order to have a data exchange between the Earth and the satellite systems or also the space probes. For this reason there are several large antennas, like the beam waveguide, that are part of antenna systems like the Deep Space Network (DSN) from NASA and the Deep Space Antennas (DSA) from the European Space Agency (ESA). Those antennas work in a certain range of frequency based on which kind of communication must be done; therefore, since are very expensive due to the performances that must be satisfied, then is not advantageous to exploit only one band of frequency for support the type of interested communication. Consequently, in order to reuse those antennas for further mission or satellites which uses other frequencies, it has been studied a particular mirror that allows to be as transparent as possible at the desired frequencies and almost totally reflective at other bands. This structure, composed by perforated metal cells with different forms (rectangular, square, hexagonal and so on), is called Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) or commonly said as Dichroic mirror. However, since the material which should provide the best performance from the electromagnetic point of view should be used, those mirrors could be extremely complex and expensive if made with classic milling techniques. Therefore, in this project has been studied an alternative method to the milling, which is the three-dimensional metal print, that provides acceptable performances and reduced costs, maintaining the same materials.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi MC Definitiva_Consegna_Lab.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33613