This thesis examines the growing impact of artificial intelligence1 (AI) in the context of communication and public relations agencies2, with particular attention to organizational, operational, and strategic changes as well as to the implications in terms of ethics and professional responsibility. More specifically, the study focuses on the integration of AI tools within agencies, examining their effects on organizational models, decision-making and operational processes, and the redefinition of professional roles and responsibilities. The research was developed within the LM+ program offered by the University of Pavia. The study adopts a mixed methodological approach, structured into four3 complementary phases that combine theoretical analysis, applied exploration, qualitative field research, and critical reflection. After a theoretical overview of the evolution of AI and its main tools, from machine learning to generative AI, the thesis examines in depth how these technologies are transforming agencies. It analyzes the strategic role of datasets, the risks associated with algorithmic bias, and the implications for accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness, highlighting how data governance becomes a central element for the ethical and sustainable management of AI in organizations. Eight case studies are then analyzed in order to understand how artificial intelligence tools can be used in professional practice and what impact they have on the communication ecosystem and organizational dynamics. The thesis integrates references to the most recent academic and professional literature with a qualitative study based on eight semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, which bring out modes of use, advantages, and limitations of AI in agencies, enriching the discussion with empirical evidence and critical perspectives. The emerging regulatory context is also taken into account. In particular, the EU AI Act, which adopts a risk-based approach to the use of AI and raises questions regarding legal responsibility, transparency, and ethical governance. The Journalists’ Code of Ethics is also considered, given the close relationship between the PR world and journalism. The thesis concludes with a set of operational guidelines for a conscious adoption of AI, one that takes into account both innovation and professional and social responsibility, and enables communication and PR agencies to govern, rather than undergo, the ongoing transformation. The appendices serve as a key to reading the thesis: Appendix A offers theoretical foundations in organization theory (Marx-Taylor-Ford-Toyota); Appendix B reports the full qualitative interview analysis; Appendix C analyzes the EU AI Act and the Journalists’ Code of Ethics and provides an operational checklist (C.2).
Questa tesi analizza l’impatto crescente dell’artificial intelligence (AI) nel contesto delle agenzie di comunicazione e pubbliche relazioni, con particolare attenzione ai cambiamenti organizzativi, operativi e strategici nonché alle implicazioni in termini di etica e responsabilità professionale. In particolare, il lavoro si focalizza sull’integrazione degli strumenti di AI nelle agenzie, esaminando gli effetti sui modelli organizzativi, sui processi decisionali e operativi e sulla ridefinizione dei ruoli e delle responsabilità professionali. Lo studio nasce, grazie al programma LM+ offerto dall’Università degli Studi di Pavia. La ricerca adotta un approccio metodologico misto, strutturato in 4 fasi complementari, che integrano analisi teorica, esplorazione applicativa, indagine qualitativa sul campo e riflessione critica. Dopo una panoramica teorica sull’evoluzione dell’AI e dei suoi principali strumenti, dal machine learning alla generative AI, viene approfondito il modo in cui queste tecnologie stanno trasformando le agenzie La tesi esaminerà il ruolo strategico dei dataset, i rischi connessi ai bias algoritmici e le implicazioni su responsabilità, trasparenza e inclusività, evidenziando come la governance dei dati diventi un elemento centrale per una gestione etica e sostenibile dell’AI nelle organizzazioni. Verranno poi analizzati otto case study per comprendere come impiegare gli strumenti di intelligenza artificiale nella pratica professionale, con quale impatto sull’ecosistema comunicativo e sulle dinamiche organizzative. La tesi integra riferimenti alla letteratura accademica e professionale più recente con una ricerca qualitativa, basata su otto interviste semi‑strutturate a professionisti del settore, che fanno emergere modalità d’uso, vantaggi e limiti dell’AI nelle agenzie, arricchendo la riflessione con evidenze empiriche e prospettive critiche. Sarà citato anche il contesto normativo emergente. In particolare, l’EU AI Act, che propone un approccio risk-based sull’utilizzo dell’AI e solleva interrogativi sulle responsabilità giuridiche, sulla trasparenza e sulla governance etica. Verrà tenuto in considerazione anche il Codice Deontologico dei Giornalisti, data la stretta correlazione del mondo delle PR con il giornalismo. La tesi si conclude con alcune linee guida operative per un’adozione consapevole dell’AI, che tenga conto sia dell’innovazione sia della responsabilità professionale e sociale, e che consenta alle agenzie di comunicazione e PR di governare, anziché subire, la trasformazione in atto. Le appendici fungono da chiave di lettura della tesi: l’appendice A offre fondamenti teorici organizzativi (Marx-Taylor-Ford-Toyota); l’appendice B riporta l’analisi delle interviste qualitative integrali; l’appendice C analizza l’EU AI Act, il Codice Deontologico dei Giornalisti e fornisce una check-list operativa (C.2).
GLI STRUMENTI DI AI NEL CONTESTO DELLE AGENZIE DI COMUNICAZIONE E PUBBLICHE RELAZIONI
SPANO', ALBERTO CALOGERO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the growing impact of artificial intelligence1 (AI) in the context of communication and public relations agencies2, with particular attention to organizational, operational, and strategic changes as well as to the implications in terms of ethics and professional responsibility. More specifically, the study focuses on the integration of AI tools within agencies, examining their effects on organizational models, decision-making and operational processes, and the redefinition of professional roles and responsibilities. The research was developed within the LM+ program offered by the University of Pavia. The study adopts a mixed methodological approach, structured into four3 complementary phases that combine theoretical analysis, applied exploration, qualitative field research, and critical reflection. After a theoretical overview of the evolution of AI and its main tools, from machine learning to generative AI, the thesis examines in depth how these technologies are transforming agencies. It analyzes the strategic role of datasets, the risks associated with algorithmic bias, and the implications for accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness, highlighting how data governance becomes a central element for the ethical and sustainable management of AI in organizations. Eight case studies are then analyzed in order to understand how artificial intelligence tools can be used in professional practice and what impact they have on the communication ecosystem and organizational dynamics. The thesis integrates references to the most recent academic and professional literature with a qualitative study based on eight semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, which bring out modes of use, advantages, and limitations of AI in agencies, enriching the discussion with empirical evidence and critical perspectives. The emerging regulatory context is also taken into account. In particular, the EU AI Act, which adopts a risk-based approach to the use of AI and raises questions regarding legal responsibility, transparency, and ethical governance. The Journalists’ Code of Ethics is also considered, given the close relationship between the PR world and journalism. The thesis concludes with a set of operational guidelines for a conscious adoption of AI, one that takes into account both innovation and professional and social responsibility, and enables communication and PR agencies to govern, rather than undergo, the ongoing transformation. The appendices serve as a key to reading the thesis: Appendix A offers theoretical foundations in organization theory (Marx-Taylor-Ford-Toyota); Appendix B reports the full qualitative interview analysis; Appendix C analyzes the EU AI Act and the Journalists’ Code of Ethics and provides an operational checklist (C.2).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
PDF-A ALBERTO SPANÒ GLI STRUMENTI DI AI NEL CONTESTO DELLE AGENZIE DI COMUNICAZIONE E PUBBLICHE RELAZIONI (2).pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
6.17 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.17 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: [email protected].
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34721