In recent years, the concept of Brand Activism has taken on a central role in communication and marketing strategies, marking a profound shift in the relationship between brands, consumers, and society. Growing sensitivity toward social, environmental, and political issues has pushed numerous brands to take explicit stances, moving beyond the traditional boundaries of commercial marketing to embrace dynamics typical of civic and political engagement. This thesis starts from a seemingly simple question: how did brand activism come about, how has it developed, and what are its future prospects? To answer this, I will analyze the roots, historical evolution, internal contradictions, and future perspectives of this phenomenon, with the aim of providing a critical and up-to-date overview. The first chapter will outline a theoretical and historical framework of Brand Activism, identifying the earliest signs of brand activism before moving on to a systematization of the concept through the most relevant contributions from academic literature. The theoretical frameworks underlying value-driven activism will be examined — such as corporate social responsibility, cause-related marketing, and brand purpose theory — with the aim of distinguishing authentic activism from purely strategic or performative activism. The second chapter will analyze the "golden years" of Brand Activism, namely the period in which many companies began using activism as a strategic lever, especially in response to an increasingly demanding and values-conscious audience. Through a series of case studies, both positive and negative, the real impact that Brand Activism activities have had on corporate reputation, brand loyalty, and the construction of a coherent value-based identity will be explored. The third chapter will address the maturity and crisis phase of the phenomenon: the turning points that led brands to step back, the risks of consumer backlash and boycotts, and the emergence of woke-washing. Particular attention will be given to the case of Patagonia, one of the few brands that continues to carry out Brand Activism activities today. The fourth chapter will explore a topic closer to my personal interests: the role of Brand Activism in the video game industry. This is a field in which value-driven messages intertwine with narrative and immersive experience, from a transmedia perspective. Video games could represent fertile ground for the future evolution of Brand Activism, especially in engaging younger generations. Notably, academic literature on this specific area remains scarce, making it all the more important to navigate this underexplored topic in order to offer a fresh and original reading. The fifth and final chapter will attempt to outline the future development of Brand Activism: is there still room for credible activism, or are we heading toward an entirely new paradigm — one in which the goal is not merely taking a stance, but building empathetic and authentic relationships with consumers? The limits, risks, ethical implications, and opportunities of this transformation will be explored, suggesting that the future of Brand Activism may lie not so much in the spectacularization of commitment, but in its normalization through everyday practices that are consistent and deeply human.
Negli ultimi anni, il concetto di Brand Activism ha acquisito un ruolo centrale nelle strategie di comunicazione e marketing, segnando un cambiamento profondo nel rapporto tra brand, consumatori e società. La crescente sensibilità verso temi sociali, ambientali e politici ha spinto numerosi brand a prendere posizione in modo esplicito, superando i confini tradizionali del marketing commerciale per abbracciare dinamiche tipiche dell’impegno civile e politico. Questa tesi parte da una domanda apparentemente semplice: come è nato, come si è sviluppato e quali sono le prospettive future dell’attivismo da parte dei brand? Per rispondere, analizzerò le radici, l’evoluzione storica, le contraddizioni interne e le prospettive future di questo fenomeno, con l’obiettivo di restituirne una visione critica e aggiornata. Nel primo capitolo verrà delineato un quadro teorico e storico del Brand Activism, individuando i primi segnali di attivismo di marca, per poi passare a una sistematizzazione del concetto attraverso i contributi più rilevanti della letteratura accademica. Verranno esaminati i frame teorici alla base dell’attivismo valoriale, come la corporate social responsibility, il cause-related marketing e la brand purpose theory, con l’obiettivo di distinguere l’attivismo autentico da quello puramente strategico o performativo. Il secondo capitolo analizzerà gli “anni d’oro” del Brand Activism, ovvero il periodo in cui molte aziende hanno cominciato a utilizzare l’attivismo come leva strategica, soprattutto in risposta a un pubblico sempre più esigente e attento ai valori. Attraverso una serie di case studies, sia positivi che negativi, verrà esplorato l’impatto reale che le attività di BA hanno avuto sulla reputazione aziendale, sulla brand loyalty e sulla costruzione di un’identità valoriale coerente. Il terzo capitolo affronterà la fase di maturità e crisi del fenomeno: i turning point che hanno determinato passi indietro da parte dei brand, i rischi di backlash e boicottaggi da parte dei consumatori, e l’emergere del woke-washing. Verrà analizzato in particolare il caso di Patagonia, uno dei pochi brand che porta avanti le attività di BA oggi. Il quarto capitolo esplorerà un tema più personale e vicino ai miei interessi: il ruolo del Brand Activism nell’industria dei videogiochi. Questo è un ambito in cui i messaggi valoriali si intrecciano con la narrazione e con l’esperienza immersiva, in un’ottica transmediale. I videogiochi potrebbero rappresentare un terreno fertile per l’evoluzione futura del Brand Activism, specie per coinvolgere le nuove generazioni. In particolare, in questo ambito di ricerca, non esiste ancora molta letteratura, diventa quindi molto importante provare a navigare un tema poco approfondito per dare una lettura nuova e originale. Il quinto e ultimo capitolo proverà a delineare lo sviluppo futuro del Brand Activism: esiste ancora spazio per un attivismo credibile o ci si avvia verso un nuovo paradigma totalmente diverso, in cui l’obiettivo non è solo la presa di posizione, ma la costruzione di relazioni empatiche e autentiche con i consumatori? Verranno esplorati i limiti, i rischi, i risvolti etici ma anche le opportunità di questa trasformazione, suggerendo che il futuro del Brand Activism potrebbe risiedere non tanto nella spettacolarizzazione dell’impegno, quanto nella sua normalizzazione attraverso pratiche quotidiane, coerenti e profondamente umane.
Dalla crisi del Brand Activism alle opportunità del gaming. Un’analisi del ruolo dei videogiochi nel rinnovamento dell'attivismo d'impresa.
OCCHIATO, GABRIELE
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of Brand Activism has taken on a central role in communication and marketing strategies, marking a profound shift in the relationship between brands, consumers, and society. Growing sensitivity toward social, environmental, and political issues has pushed numerous brands to take explicit stances, moving beyond the traditional boundaries of commercial marketing to embrace dynamics typical of civic and political engagement. This thesis starts from a seemingly simple question: how did brand activism come about, how has it developed, and what are its future prospects? To answer this, I will analyze the roots, historical evolution, internal contradictions, and future perspectives of this phenomenon, with the aim of providing a critical and up-to-date overview. The first chapter will outline a theoretical and historical framework of Brand Activism, identifying the earliest signs of brand activism before moving on to a systematization of the concept through the most relevant contributions from academic literature. The theoretical frameworks underlying value-driven activism will be examined — such as corporate social responsibility, cause-related marketing, and brand purpose theory — with the aim of distinguishing authentic activism from purely strategic or performative activism. The second chapter will analyze the "golden years" of Brand Activism, namely the period in which many companies began using activism as a strategic lever, especially in response to an increasingly demanding and values-conscious audience. Through a series of case studies, both positive and negative, the real impact that Brand Activism activities have had on corporate reputation, brand loyalty, and the construction of a coherent value-based identity will be explored. The third chapter will address the maturity and crisis phase of the phenomenon: the turning points that led brands to step back, the risks of consumer backlash and boycotts, and the emergence of woke-washing. Particular attention will be given to the case of Patagonia, one of the few brands that continues to carry out Brand Activism activities today. The fourth chapter will explore a topic closer to my personal interests: the role of Brand Activism in the video game industry. This is a field in which value-driven messages intertwine with narrative and immersive experience, from a transmedia perspective. Video games could represent fertile ground for the future evolution of Brand Activism, especially in engaging younger generations. Notably, academic literature on this specific area remains scarce, making it all the more important to navigate this underexplored topic in order to offer a fresh and original reading. The fifth and final chapter will attempt to outline the future development of Brand Activism: is there still room for credible activism, or are we heading toward an entirely new paradigm — one in which the goal is not merely taking a stance, but building empathetic and authentic relationships with consumers? The limits, risks, ethical implications, and opportunities of this transformation will be explored, suggesting that the future of Brand Activism may lie not so much in the spectacularization of commitment, but in its normalization through everyday practices that are consistent and deeply human.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Dalla crisi del Brand Activism alle opportunità del gaming. Un’analisi del ruolo dei videogiochi nel rinnovamento dell'attivismo d'impresa.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/35763