This thesis investigates whether young people's growing familiarity with technology, artificial intelligence, and information found online and on social media produces a genuinely enhanced eHealth literacy, or merely generates an illusion of competence that can negatively affect their overall health literacy and, consequently, their health adherence. The work is organised into four chapters, built on a cumulative logic. The first chapter reconstructs the historical and sociological evolution of the concept of health, from the biomedical paradigm to the patient as a communicating subject, passing through the collapse of the paternalistic model and the rise of shared decision-making. The second chapter introduces the conceptual vocabulary needed to understand young-patient engagement, from health literacy and eHealth literacy models to wearable culture and the persuasive design and gamification architectures that shape their use. The third chapter describes the digital ecosystem in which this engagement takes shape, covering the attention economy, sciencewashing, the evolution of “Dr. Google” into generative artificial intelligence, and the healthcare marketing funnel. The fourth chapter presents the results of an original empirical survey conducted on a sample of 266 young people aged twenty to thirty-five, 138 Italian and 128 international respondents, broken down by geographic macro-area. The data reveal a sharply unbalanced profile: a fully developed functional and technical dimension of digital literacy, set against a systematically weaker critical dimension, reflected in active source verification reported by fewer than one respondent in three. The cross-country comparison further suggests that this illusion of competence is not a uniform effect of technological exposure, but is amplified where social and institutional trust is weaker, as in the North American profile, and contained where that trust remains solid, as in the Nordic countries. The thesis closes by proposing directions for intervention, on the educational, platform-design, and regulatory levels, aimed at strengthening the critical dimension of young people's eHealth literacy.
La presente tesi indaga se la crescente familiarità dei giovani con la tecnologia, l'intelligenza artificiale e le informazioni reperite online e sui social produca una eHealth literacy realmente accresciuta, oppure generi soltanto un'illusione di competenza, capace di riflettersi negativamente sulla loro health literacy complessiva e, di conseguenza, sulla loro health adherence. Il lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli costruiti secondo una logica cumulativa. Il primo ricostruisce l'evoluzione storico-sociologica del concetto di salute, dal paradigma biomedico al paziente come soggetto comunicante, passando per il crollo del modello paternalistico e l'emergere dello shared decision-making. Il secondo introduce il vocabolario concettuale necessario a comprendere l'engagement del paziente giovane, dai modelli di health literacy ed eHealth literacy alla wearable culture, fino alle architetture di persuasive design e gamification. Il terzo descrive l'ecosistema digitale in cui questo engagement prende forma, fra economia dell'attenzione, sciencewashing, evoluzione del «Dottor Google» verso l'intelligenza artificiale generativa e funnel sanitario. Il quarto capitolo presenta i risultati di un'indagine empirica condotta su un campione proprio di 266 giovani fra i venti e i trentacinque anni, 138 italiani e 128 internazionali, disaggregato per macroaree geografiche. I dati raccolti mostrano un profilo nettamente sbilanciato: una componente funzionale e tecnica dell'alfabetizzazione digitale pienamente sviluppata, a fronte di una componente critica sistematicamente più debole, testimoniata da una verifica attiva delle fonti che riguarda meno di un rispondente su tre. Il confronto fra macroaree suggerisce inoltre che l'illusione di competenza non sia un effetto uniforme dell'esposizione tecnologica, ma si amplifichi dove la fiducia sociale e istituzionale è più debole, come nel caso nordamericano, e si contenga dove tale fiducia resta solida, come nei Paesi nordici. La tesi si conclude proponendo alcune direzioni di intervento, sul piano educativo, del design delle piattaforme e della regolazione, per rafforzare la componente critica dell'eHealth literacy dei giovani.
Comunicazione sanitaria digitale e patient engagement: come l'ecosistema social e data-driven trasforma i percorsi di salute del paziente giovane
TONINI, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates whether young people's growing familiarity with technology, artificial intelligence, and information found online and on social media produces a genuinely enhanced eHealth literacy, or merely generates an illusion of competence that can negatively affect their overall health literacy and, consequently, their health adherence. The work is organised into four chapters, built on a cumulative logic. The first chapter reconstructs the historical and sociological evolution of the concept of health, from the biomedical paradigm to the patient as a communicating subject, passing through the collapse of the paternalistic model and the rise of shared decision-making. The second chapter introduces the conceptual vocabulary needed to understand young-patient engagement, from health literacy and eHealth literacy models to wearable culture and the persuasive design and gamification architectures that shape their use. The third chapter describes the digital ecosystem in which this engagement takes shape, covering the attention economy, sciencewashing, the evolution of “Dr. Google” into generative artificial intelligence, and the healthcare marketing funnel. The fourth chapter presents the results of an original empirical survey conducted on a sample of 266 young people aged twenty to thirty-five, 138 Italian and 128 international respondents, broken down by geographic macro-area. The data reveal a sharply unbalanced profile: a fully developed functional and technical dimension of digital literacy, set against a systematically weaker critical dimension, reflected in active source verification reported by fewer than one respondent in three. The cross-country comparison further suggests that this illusion of competence is not a uniform effect of technological exposure, but is amplified where social and institutional trust is weaker, as in the North American profile, and contained where that trust remains solid, as in the Nordic countries. The thesis closes by proposing directions for intervention, on the educational, platform-design, and regulatory levels, aimed at strengthening the critical dimension of young people's eHealth literacy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/37101